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Electron Transfer Pathways in Cholesterol Synthesis
Author(s) -
Porter Todd D.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
lipids
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.601
H-Index - 120
eISSN - 1558-9307
pISSN - 0024-4201
DOI - 10.1007/s11745-015-4065-1
Subject(s) - lanosterol , biochemistry , squalene monooxygenase , chemistry , enzyme , sterol , demethylase , cytochrome p450 , endoplasmic reticulum , cytochrome p450 reductase , electron transfer , cholesterol , biosynthesis , cytochrome c , mitochondrion , coenzyme q – cytochrome c reductase , photochemistry , gene , epigenetics
Cholesterol synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum requires electron input at multiple steps and utilizes both NADH and NADPH as the electron source. Four enzymes catalyzing five steps in the pathway require electron input: squalene monooxygenase, lanosterol demethylase, sterol 4α‐methyl oxidase, and sterol C5‐desaturase. The electron‐donor proteins for these enzymes include cytochrome P450 reductase and the cytochrome b 5 pathway. Here I review the evidence for electron donor protein requirements with these enzymes, the evidence for additional electron donor pathways, and the effect of deletion of these redox enzymes on cholesterol and lipid metabolism.