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A High Legume Low Glycemic Index Diet Improves Serum Lipid Profiles in Men
Author(s) -
Zhang Zhiying,
Lanza Elaine,
KrisEtherton Penny M.,
Colburn Nancy H.,
Bagshaw Deborah,
Rovine Michael J.,
Ulbrecht Jan S.,
Bobe Gerd,
Chapkin Robert S.,
Hartman Terryl J.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
lipids
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.601
H-Index - 120
eISSN - 1558-9307
pISSN - 0024-4201
DOI - 10.1007/s11745-010-3463-7
Subject(s) - legume , glycemic index , lipidology , dietary fiber , cholesterol , clinical chemistry , medicine , glycemic load , high density lipoprotein , glycemic , food science , zoology , insulin , chemistry , endocrinology , biology , agronomy
Clinical studies have shown that fiber consumption facilitates weight loss and improves lipid profiles; however, the beneficial effects of high fermentable fiber low glycemic index (GI) diets under conditions of weight maintenance are unclear. In the Legume Inflammation Feeding Experiment, a randomized controlled cross‐over feeding study, 64 middle‐aged men who had undergone colonoscopies within the previous 2 years received both a healthy American (HA) diet (no legume consumption, fiber consumption = 9 g/1,000 kcal, and GI = 69) and a legume enriched (1.5 servings/1,000 kcal), high fiber (21 g/1,000 kcal), low GI (GI = 38) diet (LG) in random order. Diets were isocaloric and controlled for macronutrients including saturated fat; they were consumed each for 4 weeks with a 2–4 week break separating dietary treatments. Compared to the HA diet, the LG diet led to greater declines in both fasting serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Insulin‐resistant (IR) subjects had greater reductions in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C; P < 0.01), and triglycerides (TAG)/HDL‐C ( P = 0.02) after the LG diet, compared to the HA diet. Insulin‐sensitive (IS) subjects had greater reductions in TC ( P < 0.001), LDL‐C ( P < 0.01), TC/HDL‐C ( P < 0.01), and LDL‐C/HDL‐C ( P = 0.02) after the LG diet, compared to the HA diet. In conclusion, a high legume, high fiber, low GI diet improves serum lipid profiles in men, compared to a healthy American diet. However, IR individuals do not achieve the full benefits of the same diet on cardiovascular disease (CVD) lipid risk factors.