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Authenticating Production Origin of Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) by Chemical and Isotopic Fingerprinting
Author(s) -
Morrison Douglas J.,
Preston Tom,
Bron James E.,
Hemderson R. James,
Cooper Karen,
Strachan Fiona,
Bell J. Gordon
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
lipids
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.601
H-Index - 120
eISSN - 1558-9307
pISSN - 0024-4201
DOI - 10.1007/s11745-007-3055-3
Subject(s) - fatty acid , linoleic acid , isotope analysis , arachidonic acid , biology , docosapentaenoic acid , food science , sparidae , polyunsaturated fatty acid , sperm whale , phospholipid , fishery , eicosapentaenoic acid , chemistry , biochemistry , fish <actinopterygii> , ecology , membrane , enzyme , myoglobin
Recent EU legislation (EC/2065/2001) requires that fish products, of wild and farmed origin, must provide consumer information that describes geographical origin and production method. The aim of the present study was to establish methods that could reliably differentiate between wild and farmed European gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ). The methods that were chosen were based on chemical and stable isotopic analysis of the readily accessible lipid fraction. This study examined fatty acid profiles by capillary gas chromatography and the isotopic composition of fish oil (δ 13 C, δ 18 O), phospholipid choline nitrogen (δ 15 N) and compound specific analysis of fatty acids (δ 13 C) by isotope ratio mass spectroscopy as parameters that could reliably discriminate samples of wild and farmed sea bream. The sample set comprised of 15 farmed and 15 wild gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ), obtained from Greece and Spain, respectively. Discrimination was achieved using fatty acid compositions, with linoleic acid (18:2n‐6), arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6), stearic acid (18:0), vaccenic acid (18:1n‐7) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n‐3) providing the highest contributions for discrimination. Principle components analysis of the data set highlighted good discrimination between wild and farmed fish. Factor 1 and 2 accounted for >70% of the variation in the data. The variables contributing to this discrimination were: the fatty acids 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1n‐9, 18:1n‐7, 22:1n‐11, 18:2n‐6 and 22:5n‐3; δ 13 C of the fatty acids 16:0, 18:0, 16:1n‐7, 18:1n‐9, 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3; Bulk oil fraction δ 13 C; glycerol/choline fraction bulk δ 13 C; δ 15 N; % N; % lipid.