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Effects of the individual isomers cis ‐9, trans ‐11 vs. trans ‐10, cis ‐12 of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on inflammation parameters in moderately overweight subjects with LDL‐phenotype B
Author(s) -
Ramakers Julian D.,
Plat Jogchum,
Sébédio JeanLouis,
Mensink Ronald P.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
lipids
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.601
H-Index - 120
eISSN - 1558-9307
pISSN - 0024-4201
DOI - 10.1007/s11745-005-1451-8
Subject(s) - conjugated linoleic acid , medicine , endocrinology , immune system , cytokine , peripheral blood mononuclear cell , tumor necrosis factor alpha , population , chemistry , inflammation , lipopolysaccharide , immunology , linoleic acid , biochemistry , in vitro , fatty acid , environmental health
Immune‐modulating effects of CLA have been reported in animals, but results are inconsistent. In humans, CLA has shown no effects or only minor effects on immune function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immune‐modulating effects of 3 g cis ‐9, trans ‐11 ( c 9, t 11) vs. trans ‐10, cis ‐12 ( t 10, c 12) CLA isomers in a population with a high risk of coronary heart disease characterized by moderate overweight (body‐mass index, 25–32.5 kg/m 2 ) in combination with LDL‐phenotype B (≥35% small LDL cholesterol, density≥1.040 g/mL). After a run‐in period of 1 wk, 42 men and women were randomly allocated to the c 9, t 11 CLA group, the t 10, c 12 CLA group, or the placebo group. Effects of 13 wk of consumption of 3 g of CLA isomers on cytokine production by ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and whole blood, and on plasma C‐remononuclear protein (CRP) concentrations were evaluated. To generate hypotheses for future studies, protein expression patterns of 42 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were evaluated with an antibody array in pooled, nonstimulated, fasting plasma samples. LPS induced interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor‐α production by PBMC, and whole blood as well as plasma CRP concentrations were not significantly changed by the c 9, t 11, and the t 10, c 12 CLA isomers. The cytokine expression profile in nonstimulated plasma suggested that both CLA isomers induced a specific inflammatory signature, in which the c 9, t 11 CLA group showed more activity in terms of numbers of proteins regulated. We conclude that daily consumption of 3 g of c 9, t 11 or t 10, c 12 CLA isomer did not affect LPS‐stimulated cytokine production by PBMC or whole blood and plasma CRP levels. Inflammatory signatures in fasting, nonstimulated plasma as determined by an antibody array may indicate enhanced immune function by both CLA isomers.