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Simultaneous quantification of free fatty acids, free sterols, squalene, and acylglycerol molecular species in palm oil by high‐temperature gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection
Author(s) -
Nang Lau Harrison Lik,
Puah Chiew Wei,
Choo Yuen May,
Ma Ah Ngan,
Chuah Cheng Hock
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
lipids
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.601
H-Index - 120
eISSN - 1558-9307
pISSN - 0024-4201
DOI - 10.1007/s11745-005-1413-1
Subject(s) - squalene , campesterol , stigmasterol , chromatography , saponification , chemistry , flame ionization detector , gas chromatography , sterol , cholesterol , organic chemistry , biochemistry
This paper discusses a rapid GC‐FID technique for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of FFA, MAG, DAG, TAG, sterols, and squalene in vegetable oils, with special reference to palm oil. The FFA content determined had a lower SE compared with a conventional titrimetric method. Squalene and individual sterols, consisting of β‐sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and cholesterol, were accurately quantified without any losses. This was achieved through elimination of tedious conventional sample pretreatments, such as saponification and preparative TLC. With this technique, the separation of individual MAG, consisting of 16∶0, 18∶0, and 18∶1 FA, and the DAG species, consisting of the 1,2(2,3)‐ and 1,3‐positions, was sufficient to enable their quantification. This technique enabled the TAG to be determined according to their carbon numbers in the range of C 44 to C 56 . Comparisons were made with conventional methods, and the results were in good agreement with those reported in the literature.