Antibacterial and xanthine oxidase inhibitory cerebrosides from Fusarium sp. IFB‐121, and endophytic fungus in Quercus variabilis

Two antibacterial and xanthine oxidase inhibitory cerebrosides, one of which is chemically new, were characterized from the chloroform‐methanol (1∶1) extract of Fusarium sp. IFB‐121, an endophytic fungus in Quercus variabilis . By means of chemical and spectral methods [IR, electrospray ionization MS (ESI‐MS), tandem ESI‐MS, 1 H and 13 C NMR, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer, COSY, heteronuclear multiple‐quantum coherence, heteronuclear multiple‐bond correlation, and 2‐D nuclear Overhauser effect correlation spectroscopy], the structure of the new metabolite named fusaruside was established as (2 S ,2′ R ,3 R ,3′ E ,4 E ,8 E ,10 E )‐1‐ O ‐β‐ d ‐glucopyranosyl‐2‐ N ‐(2′‐hydroxy‐3′‐octadecenoyl)‐3‐hydroxy‐9‐methyl‐4,8,10‐sphingatrienine, and the structure of the other was identified as (2 S ,2′ R ,3 R ,3′ E ,4 E ,8 E )‐1‐ O ‐β‐ d ‐glucopyranosyl‐2‐ N ‐(2′‐hydroxy‐3′‐octadecenoyl)‐3‐hydroxy‐9‐methyl‐4,8‐sphingadienine. Both new and known cerebrosides, although inactive to Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans , showed strong antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli , and Pseudomonas fluorescens , with their minimum inhibitory concentrations being 3.9, 3.9, and 1.9 μg/mL, and 7.8, 3.9, and 7.8 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, both metabolites were inhibitory to xanthine oxidase, with the IC 50 value of fusaruside being 43.8±3.6 μM and the known cerebroside being 55.5±1.8 μM.