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Cholesterol‐lowering effects of guar gum: Changes in bile acid pools and intestinal reabsorption
Author(s) -
Moriceau Stéphanie,
Besson Catherine,
Levrat MarieAnne,
Moundras Corinne,
Rémésy Christian,
Morand Christine,
Demigné Christian
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
lipids
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.601
H-Index - 120
eISSN - 1558-9307
pISSN - 0024-4201
DOI - 10.1007/s11745-000-542-x
Subject(s) - reabsorption , bile acid , cholesterol , medicine , chemistry , cecum , endocrinology , enterohepatic circulation , ileum , guar gum , cholic acid , biochemistry , biology , kidney
Abstract Soluble fibers such as guar gum (GG) may exert cholesterol‐lowering effects. It is generally accepted that bile acid (BA) reabsorption in portal blood is reduced, thus limiting the capacity of BA to down‐regulate liver cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase, the rate‐limiting enzyme of BA synthesis. In the present work, rats were adapted to fiber‐free (FF) or 5% GG diets (supplemented or not with 0.25% cholesterol), to investigate various aspects of enterohepatic BA cycling. GG in the diet at a level of 5% elicited a significant lowering of plasma cholesterol during the absorptive period, in cholesterol‐free (−13%) or 0.25% cholesterol (−20%) diet conditions. In rats adapted to the GG diets, the small intestinal and cecal BA pools and the ileal vein‐artery difference for BA were markedly enhanced; reabsorption in the cecal vein was also enhanced in these rats. [ 14 C]Taurocholate absorption, determined in perfused ileal segments, was not significantly different in rats adapted to the FF or GG diet, suggesting that a greater flux of BA in the ileum might support a greater ileal BA reabsorption in rats adapted to the GG diet. In contrast, capacities for [ 14 C]cholate absorption from the cecum at pH 6.5 were higher in rats adapted to the GG diet than to the FF diet. Acidification of the bulk medium in isolated cecum (from pH 7.1 down to pH 6.5 or 5.8) or addition of 100 mM volatile fatty acids was also found to stimulate cecal [ 14 C]cholate absorption. These factors could contribute to accelerated cecal BA absorption in rats fed the GG diet. The effects of GG on steroid fecal excretion thus appear to accompany a greater intestinal BA absorption and portal flux to the liver. These results suggest that some mechanisms invoked to explain cholesterol‐lowering effect of fibers should be reconsidered.