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The application of surfactant deflocculants to superconceptrated household and industrial laundry liquids
Author(s) -
Clapperton Richard M.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
journal of surfactants and detergents
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.349
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1558-9293
pISSN - 1097-3958
DOI - 10.1007/s11743-998-0036-0
Subject(s) - pulmonary surfactant , chemistry , rheometry , electrolyte , chemical engineering , suspension (topology) , dynamic light scattering , viscosity , aqueous solution , chromatography , organic chemistry , polymer , nanoparticle , composite material , materials science , biochemistry , mathematics , electrode , homotopy , pure mathematics , engineering
A Structured Surfactant System comprises a readily pourable surfactant phase in aqueous solution which is capable of long‐term suspension of insoluble builder particles. First‐generation structured systems have been limited to soluble electrolyte concentrations that do not cause strong flocculation of the surfactant phase, typically a maximum of approximately 15% by weight electrolyte. As a direct consequence, the maximal surfactant content of structured systems has also been limited to about 30%. This paper reports the recent development of deflocculation technology, which has enabled the total active concentration in structured systems to be increased to as high as 70% by weight. Deflocculation of model structured surfactant systems by alkyl thiol polyacrylates and alkyl polyglucosides has been investigated by rheometry and optical microscopy. Viscosity changes in model detergent systems have been determined as a function of deflocculant headgroup size and concentration. These have been related to the process of deflocculation by a study of the microscopic appearance and storage stability of the same model systems. Interlamellar spacing of surfactant vesicles in a deflocculated model structured system has then been determined as a fenction of electrolyte concentration by the technique of small angle X‐ray scattering. It has been shown that surfactant vesicle shrinkage in the presence of high electrolyte concentration and a deflocculant can be used to formulate a superconcentrated liquid system.