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Production of Palm‐Based Esteramine Through Heterogeneous Catalysis
Author(s) -
Aziz Haliza Abdul,
Aroua Mohamed Kheireddine,
Yusoff Rozita,
Abas Noor Azeerah,
Idris Zainab,
Hassan Hazimah Abu
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of surfactants and detergents
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.349
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1558-9293
pISSN - 1097-3958
DOI - 10.1007/s11743-015-1736-0
Subject(s) - triethanolamine , chemistry , sodium methoxide , transesterification , catalysis , environmentally friendly , reusability , linolenate , organic chemistry , chemical engineering , analytical chemistry (journal) , fatty acid , ecology , software , computer science , engineering , biology , programming language
This study involved maximizing the conversion of palm‐based methyl palmitate to esteramine, an intermediate for esterquats via transesterification with triethanolamine, aided by Ca–Al as a heterogeneous catalyst in a 500‐ml reaction unit. The effect of process parameters on the conversion was investigated. The optimum process parameters, consisting of a mole ratio of 1.8:1 (methyl palmitate:triethanolamine), 170 °C, 10 mbar, 0.5 % catalyst and a duration of 2 h, produced more than 90 % conversion. Transesterification employing Ca–Al is more environmentally friendly than the conventional approach using sodium methoxide, simplifies the downstream separation process and the reusability of the catalyst was successfully tested in three subsequent cycles.