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Gemini Surfactants Foam Formation Ability and Foam Stability Depends on Spacer Length
Author(s) -
Kuliszewska Edyta,
Brecker Lothar
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of surfactants and detergents
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.349
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1558-9293
pISSN - 1097-3958
DOI - 10.1007/s11743-014-1582-5
Subject(s) - chemistry , pulmonary surfactant , surface tension , cationic polymerization , critical micelle concentration , micelle , foaming agent , chemical engineering , polymer chemistry , organic chemistry , thermodynamics , aqueous solution , biochemistry , physics , porosity , engineering
A series of cationic gemini surfactants containing different spacer length were synthesized and analyzed structurally. It was shown that the surface tension (σ) and critical micelle concentration (CMC), which had a maximum for the n ‐C 4 H 8 spacer depended on the spacer length. The foaming ability and foam stability are high for the gemini surfactants with short spacers (C 2 H 4 to n ‐C 4 H 8 ), while longer spacers lead to a distinct decrease of these foam parameters. Foaming properties are discussed in terms of configuration and conformation of a surfactant molecule and in relation to micellization state kinetic.