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Synthesis, Quantum Chemical Calculations and Properties of Nonionic and Nonionic–Anionic Surfactants Based on Fatty Alkyl Succinate
Author(s) -
Hussein Ahmed M.,
Khowdiary Manal M.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of surfactants and detergents
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.349
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1558-9293
pISSN - 1097-3958
DOI - 10.1007/s11743-014-1568-3
Subject(s) - chemistry , molecular orbital , alkyl , organic chemistry , pulmonary surfactant , ethylene oxide , biodegradation , acylation , molecule , catalysis , biochemistry , copolymer , polymer
Two surfactants based on maleic anhydride were synthesized by esterification with fatty alcohols C 10 , C 12 and C 14 to produce half esters [I–III]. Nonionic surfactant monoesters [I–III]a–c synthesized by ethoxylation of [I–III] with different moles of ethylene oxide [6, 8 and 10] in the presence of K10 clay as an untraditionally catalyst. The later products were sulfonated to produce nonionic–anionic surfactants [IV–VI]a–c. The structures of synthesized surfactant were elucidated by FTIR and 1 H‐NMR data. Their surface activity and biodegradability were determined. All the synthesized surfactants showed good surface activity and biodegradability, but anionic‐nonionic type has better effect than nonionic one. Quantum chemical calculations were utilized to explore the electronic structure and stability of these compounds. Computational studies have been carried out at the PM3 semiempirical molecular orbitals level, to establish the highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, ionization potential energy and ESP mapping of these compounds. Also, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxic properties were studied to gain a clear view of the oral bioavailability of these compounds.