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Surface Activities, Foam Properties, HLB, and Krafft Point of Some n ‐Alkanesulfonates (C14–C18) with Different Isomeric Distributions
Author(s) -
Fekarcha Latifa,
Tazerouti Amel
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of surfactants and detergents
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.349
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1558-9293
pISSN - 1097-3958
DOI - 10.1007/s11743-012-1335-2
Subject(s) - chemistry , surface tension , krafft temperature , pulmonary surfactant , solubility , moiety , critical micelle concentration , thermodynamics , organic chemistry , aqueous solution , micelle , biochemistry , physics
A homologue series of sodium secondary n ‐alkanesulfonates (C 14 , C 16 and C 18 ) were obtained by photosulfochlorination process with two different reaction conditions. Different length chains with different isomeric distributions of n ‐alkanesulfonates are expected to present variations in physicochemical properties. In this investigation, the relationships between their isomeric distribution and their chain length and micellar behaviors were thoroughly explored. Their CMC at different temperatures were determined using specific conductivity and surface tension measurements. Through surface tension isotherms, the surface activities (γ CMC ) were obtained. The surface absorption amounts (Γ max ) and the molecular areas ( A min ) were calculated using Gibb's equation. As expected, these surfactants exhibit good surface properties. It was shown that the CMC values increase with increasing the percentage of secondary isomers, with a surface tension decrease. It was also shown that the CMC values decrease with increasing chain length. The HLB values were calculated for each surfactant and the results obtained suggest that they are O/W emulsifiers. The foam properties of synthesized surfactants were evaluated and compared to those obtained for commercial samples. It was shown that the foamability is influenced both by the length of the hydrophobic moiety and the percentage of secondary isomers. It can be easily concluded that the C 14 sulfonates show the best foaming properties independently of their isomeric distribution. The Krafft point values obtained indicate that the micellization and the surfactant solubility mainly depend on the proportion of secondary isomers and the length of hydrophobic moiety.