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Water‐in‐Diesel Fuel Nanoemulsions Prepared by High Energy: Emulsion Drop Size and Stability, and Emission Characteristics
Author(s) -
AlSabagh A. M.,
Emara Mostafa M.,
Noor ElDin M. R.,
Aly W. R.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of surfactants and detergents
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.349
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1558-9293
pISSN - 1097-3958
DOI - 10.1007/s11743-011-1291-2
Subject(s) - chemistry , emulsion , diesel fuel , drop (telecommunication) , emulsified fuel , heat of combustion , chemical engineering , specific energy , carbon dioxide , chromatography , organic chemistry , combustion , telecommunications , computer science , engineering , physics , quantum mechanics
Water‐in‐diesel fuel nanoemulsions were prepared with mixed nonionic surfactants. The high energy emulsification method was used to form three emulsions containing different water contents: 5, 10 and 14% (v/v). These nanoemulsions were stabilized with a mixture of 20% sorbitan monooleate, and 80% polyethoxylated (20 EO) sorbitan trioleate, resulting in an HLB of 10 (HLB—hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance). The effect of water on the droplet size, emulsion calorific value, and emission gases such as nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide emissions and exhaust gas temperatures in diesel engines has been studied. It was found that the mean sizes of the droplets formed (between 19.3 and 39 nm) depend on the water content and the concentration of the blend emulsifiers.