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Synthesis and Properties of Gemini‐type Cationic Surfactants Containing Carbonate Linkages in the Linker Moiety Directed Toward Green and Sustainable Chemistry
Author(s) -
Banno Taisuke,
Toshima Kazunobu,
Kawada Kazuo,
Matsumura Shuichi
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of surfactants and detergents
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.349
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1558-9293
pISSN - 1097-3958
DOI - 10.1007/s11743-009-1119-5
Subject(s) - moiety , chemistry , linker , carbonate , cationic polymerization , biodegradation , organic chemistry , alkyl , ammonium carbonate , ammonium , micelle , polymer chemistry , combinatorial chemistry , inorganic chemistry , aqueous solution , computer science , operating system
Gemini‐type cationic surfactants containing carbonate linkages as biodegradable and chemically recyclable segments, consisting of two long‐chain alkyl groups, two quaternary ammonium groups and a linker moiety, were designed and synthesized as novel green and sustainable cationics with improved physicochemical and biological activities. The gemini‐type cationics containing a carbonate linkage showed lower critical micelle concentration values compared to the corresponding single‐type cationics. Also, the gemini‐type cationics containing a carbonate linkage in the linker moiety showed strong antimicrobial activities. The biodegradability of the gemini‐type cationics was significantly improved when a carbonate linkage was introduced into the linker moiety. The maximum biochemical oxygen demand‐biodegradability of the gemini‐type cationics containing a carbonate linkage in the linker moiety exceeded 70% after a 28‐day incubation. Furthermore, the gemini‐type cationics containing both a carbonate linkage and an n ‐dodecyl group showed a chemical recyclability using a lipase (E.C. 3.1.1.3).