Synthesis and Properties of Gemini‐type Cationic Surfactants Containing Carbonate Linkages in the Linker Moiety Directed Toward Green and Sustainable Chemistry

Gemini‐type cationic surfactants containing carbonate linkages as biodegradable and chemically recyclable segments, consisting of two long‐chain alkyl groups, two quaternary ammonium groups and a linker moiety, were designed and synthesized as novel green and sustainable cationics with improved physicochemical and biological activities. The gemini‐type cationics containing a carbonate linkage showed lower critical micelle concentration values compared to the corresponding single‐type cationics. Also, the gemini‐type cationics containing a carbonate linkage in the linker moiety showed strong antimicrobial activities. The biodegradability of the gemini‐type cationics was significantly improved when a carbonate linkage was introduced into the linker moiety. The maximum biochemical oxygen demand‐biodegradability of the gemini‐type cationics containing a carbonate linkage in the linker moiety exceeded 70% after a 28‐day incubation. Furthermore, the gemini‐type cationics containing both a carbonate linkage and an n ‐dodecyl group showed a chemical recyclability using a lipase (E.C. 3.1.1.3).