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Synthesis and Properties of 1,1‐bis{[3‐( N , N ‐Dimethylamino)propyl]amido}alkane‐di‐ N ‐oxides
Author(s) -
Piasecki Andrzej,
Karczewski Sławomir,
Maliszewska Irena
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of surfactants and detergents
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.349
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1558-9293
pISSN - 1097-3958
DOI - 10.1007/s11743-007-1017-7
Subject(s) - chemistry , adsorption , critical micelle concentration , alkane , surface tension , aqueous solution , hydrogen peroxide , pulmonary surfactant , ethylene oxide , micelle , gibbs isotherm , peroxide , thermodynamics of micellization , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , catalysis , copolymer , biochemistry , physics , polymer , quantum mechanics
A homologous series of new surface‐active 1,1‐bis{[3‐( N , N ‐dimethylamino)propyl]amido}alkane‐di‐ N ‐oxides were synthesized in the reaction of an appropriate diethyl 2‐alkylmalonate with N , N ‐dimethylamino‐1,3‐propanediamine followed by oxidation with aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The adsorption isotherms of their aqueous solutions were measured and evaluated to obtain adsorption parameters: critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess concentration (Γ CMC ), equilibrium surface tension at the CMC (γ CMC ), cross‐sectional area of the adsorbed surfactant molecule ( A CMC ), efficiency of surface adsorption (pC 20 ), standard free energies of adsorption (Δ G ° ads ), and micellization (Δ G ° CMC ). All investigated di‐amidoamines and di‐ N ‐oxides were practically non‐toxic to selected bacteria and yeasts. These compounds are readily biodegradable in the Closed Bottle Test inoculated with activated sludge. Surface and biological properties showed that this group of N ‐oxide‐type compounds has high surface activity and fulfills requirements for environmental acceptance.