Open AccessSignal integration in the (m)TORC1 growth pathway
Author(s) -
Kailash Ramlaul,
C.H.S. Aylett
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
frontiers in biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.344
H-Index - 28
eISSN - 1674-7992
pISSN - 1674-7984
DOI - 10.1007/s11515-018-1501-7
Subject(s) - mtorc1 , autophagy , biology , signal transduction , microbiology and biotechnology , cell growth , nutrient sensing , kinase , tor signaling , upstream and downstream (dna) , pi3k/akt/mtor pathway , computational biology , biochemistry , upstream (networking) , apoptosis , computer network , computer science
The protein kinase Target Of Rapamycin (TOR) is a nexus for the regulation of eukaryotic cell growth. TOR assembles into one of two distinct signalling complexes, TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TORC2 (mTORC1/2 in mammals), with a set of largely non-overlapping protein partners. (m)TORC1 activation occurs in response to a series of stimuli relevant to cell growth, including nutrient availability, growth factor signals and stress, and regulates much of the cell's biosynthetic activity, from proteins to lipids, and recycling through autophagy. mTORC1 regulation is of great therapeutic significance, since in humans many of these signalling complexes, alongside subunits of mTORC1 itself, are implicated in a wide variety of pathophysiologies, including multiple types of cancer, neurological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders including diabetes.