Open AccessExtracellular Vesicles: Intercellular Mediators in Alcohol-Induced Pathologies
Author(s) -
Mohammad Arifur Rahman,
Benjamin J. Patters,
Sunitha Kodidela,
Santosh Kumar
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of neuroimmune pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.219
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1557-1904
pISSN - 1557-1890
DOI - 10.1007/s11481-019-09848-z
Subject(s) - microvesicles , microbiology and biotechnology , extracellular vesicles , exosome , extracellular , hepatic stellate cell , intracellular , microrna , immune system , biology , extracellular vesicle , liver injury , alcohol , pathological , cancer research , immunology , medicine , chemistry , pathology , pharmacology , biochemistry , endocrinology , gene
Though alcoholic liver injury plays the primary role in direct alcohol-related morbidity, alcohol consumption is also interlinked with many other diseases in extra-hepatic tissues/organs. The mechanism of alcoholic tissue injury is well documented, however the mechanisms that affect extra-hepatic tissues have not yet been well defined. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes and microvesicles, have been identified as key components of alcohol-induced extra-hepatic effects. We have reviewed the recent findings on the potential impact of alcohol-modified EVs/exosomes production and their downstream effects on extra-hepatic tissues. In this review, we discuss the available information on the cross-talk between hepatocytes and immune cells via EV/exosomal cargos (miRNA, mRNA, protein, etc.) in alcoholic liver diseases. We also discuss the effects of alcohol exposure on the contents of EVs/exosomes derived from various extra-hepatic tissues and their associated pathological consequences on recipient cells. Finally, we speculate on other potential EV/exosomal agents that may mediate alcohol-induced tissue damage. Graphical Abstract Alcohol can alter contents of extracellular vesicles (EVs) (e.g. exosomes) such as miRNAs, protein, cytokines, etc. in hepatic and extra-hepatic cells. The transfer of these alcohol modified EVs to nearby or distant cells can play vital role in inflammatory pathways in alcohol induced pathogenesis/comorbidities.