Open AccessTemperature Dependence of Thermoelectric Homogeneity of Noble Metal Thermocouples
Author(s) -
Frank Edler,
Kai Huang
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
international journal of thermophysics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.32
H-Index - 68
eISSN - 1572-9567
pISSN - 0195-928X
DOI - 10.1007/s10765-019-2598-x
Subject(s) - thermocouple , materials science , thermoelectric effect , homogeneity (statistics) , electromotive force , annealing (glass) , platinum , noble metal , atmospheric temperature range , analytical chemistry (journal) , metal , thermodynamics , metallurgy , composite material , chemistry , electrical engineering , biochemistry , statistics , physics , mathematics , chromatography , engineering , catalysis
This paper describes the results of low-temperature investigations of the thermoelectric inhomogeneity of conventional standardized noble metal thermocouples (types S and R, Au/Pt and Pt/Pd thermocouples) and of non-standardized Pt/Rh-alloyed thermocouples which have undergone initial annealing at 400 °C for 24 h. The investigations aim to verify the generally accepted practice of using a linear relationship between the inhomogeneity and the measured electromotive force (emf). Immersion profile measurements were carried out in a salt bath at temperatures of about 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C. These temperatures are below the critical temperature range of the selective Rh oxidation of Pt/Rh-alloyed thermocouples. Therefore, the results of the homogeneity investigations should not be influenced by such reversible oxidations effects. Nevertheless, the results of the homogeneity tests at 500 °C showed a deviation from the linearity of the measured inhomogeneities of the thermocouples containing Pt/Rh alloys related to the measurements at 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C. The results obtained with the Au/Pt and Pt/Pd thermocouples confirmed the above-mentioned assumption of the linear relationship between the magnitude of the inhomogeneities and the thermoelectric voltages measured. An additional investigation of a multi-wire thermocouple consisting of non-standardized Pt/Rh alloys (Pt5%Rh, Pt17%Rh, and Pt20%Rh) and a pure platinum thermoelement confirmed the results obtained with the standardized type S and R thermocouples and allowed conclusions to be drawn about re-ordering effects of the Pt/Rh-alloyed thermocouples, which are strongly related to the initial annealing temperature of 400 °C.