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Genetically modified pigs for biomedical research
Author(s) -
Luo Yonglun,
Lin Lin,
Bolund Lars,
Jensen Thomas G.,
Sørensen Charlotte Brandt
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of inherited metabolic disease
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.462
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1573-2665
pISSN - 0141-8955
DOI - 10.1007/s10545-012-9475-0
Subject(s) - somatic cell nuclear transfer , xenotransplantation , biology , genetically modified organism , cloning (programming) , somatic cell , microinjection , genome editing , gene transfer , transgene , disease , human genetics , microbiology and biotechnology , crispr , genetics , medicine , gene , pathology , transplantation , computer science , blastocyst , embryogenesis , programming language
During the last two decades, pigs have been used to develop some of the most important large animal models for biomedical research. Advances in pig genome research, genetic modification (GM) of primary pig cells and pig cloning by nuclear transfer, have facilitated the generation of GM pigs for xenotransplantation and various human diseases. This review summarizes the key technologies used for generating GM pigs, including pronuclear microinjection, sperm‐mediated gene transfer, somatic cell nuclear transfer by traditional cloning, and somatic cell nuclear transfer by handmade cloning. Broadly used genetic engineering tools for porcine cells are also discussed. We also summarize the GM pig models that have been generated for xenotransplantation and human disease processes, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, eye diseases, bone diseases, cancers and epidermal skin diseases, diabetes mellitus, cystic fibrosis, and inherited metabolic diseases. Thus, this review provides an overview of the progress in GM pig research over the last two decades and perspectives for future development.