Open AccessEosinophils in the pathogenesis of pancreatic disorders
Author(s) -
Murli Manohar,
Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu,
Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah,
Chandra Sekhar Yadavalli,
Anil Mishra
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
seminars in immunopathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.778
H-Index - 94
eISSN - 1863-2300
pISSN - 1863-2297
DOI - 10.1007/s00281-021-00853-0
Subject(s) - eosinophil peroxidase , medicine , pancreatitis , eosinophil , eosinophil cationic protein , major basic protein , pancreatic cancer , immunology , trypsinogen , pathogenesis , eosinophil granule proteins , cancer , biology , asthma , biochemistry , trypsin , enzyme
Eosinophils comprise approximately 1-4% of total blood leukocytes that reside in the intestine, bone marrow, mammary gland, and adipose tissues to maintain innate immunity in healthy individuals. Eosinophils have four toxic granules known as major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), and upon degranulation, these granules promote pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases like allergy, asthma, dermatitis, and gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, the role of eosinophils is underscored in exocrine disorders including pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disorder that occurs due to the alcohol consumption, blockage of the pancreatic duct, and trypsinogen mutation. Eosinophil levels are detected in higher numbers in both CP and pancreatic cancer patients compared with healthy individuals. The mechanistic understanding of chronic inflammation-induced pancreatic malignancy has not yet been reached and requires further exploration. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of eosinophil-associated pancreatic disorders and further summarizes current evidence regarding risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of eosinophilic pancreatitis (EP) and pancreatic cancer.