Open AccessMolecular determinants for the polarization of macrophage and osteoclast
Author(s) -
Dengbao Yang,
Yihong Wan
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
seminars in immunopathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.778
H-Index - 94
eISSN - 1863-2300
pISSN - 1863-2297
DOI - 10.1007/s00281-019-00754-3
Subject(s) - osteoclast , microbiology and biotechnology , osteoimmunology , macrophage polarization , coactivator , nuclear receptor , biology , receptor , transcription factor , proinflammatory cytokine , inflammation , macrophage , immunology , biochemistry , rankl , activator (genetics) , gene , in vitro
Emerging evidence suggest that macrophage and osteoclast are two competing differentiation outcomes from myeloid progenitors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling the polarization of macrophage and osteoclast. These include nuclear receptors/transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), their transcription cofactor PPARγ coactivator 1-β (PGC-1β), metabolic factors such as mitochondrial complex I (CI) component NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase iron-sulfur protein 4 (Ndufs4), as well as transmembrane receptors such as very-low-density-lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR). These molecular rheostats promote osteoclast differentiation but suppress proinflammatory macrophage activation and inflammation, by acting lineage-intrinsically, systemically or cross generation. These findings provide new insights to the understanding of the interactions between innate immunity and bone remodeling, advancing the field of osteoimmunology.