Open AccessEdited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the neonatal brain
Author(s) -
Yulu Song,
Peter J Lally,
Maria Yanez Lopez,
Georg Oeltzschner,
Mary Beth Nebel,
Borjan Gagoski,
Steven Kecskemeti,
Steve C.N. Hui,
Helge J. Zöllner,
Deepika Shukla,
Tomoki Arichi,
Enrico De Vita,
Vivek Yedavalli,
Sudhin Thayyil,
Daniele Fallin,
Douglas C. Dean,
P. Ellen Grant,
Jessica L. Wisnowski,
Richard A.E. Edden
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
neuroradiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.811
H-Index - 94
eISSN - 1432-1920
pISSN - 0028-3940
DOI - 10.1007/s00234-021-02821-9
Subject(s) - neuroradiology , magnetic resonance imaging , in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy , medicine , neuroscience , functional magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , neurology , nuclear magnetic resonance , psychology , radiology , physics
J-difference-edited spectroscopy is a valuable approach for the detection of low-concentration metabolites with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Currently, few edited MRS studies are performed in neonates due to suboptimal signal-to-noise ratio, relatively long acquisition times, and vulnerability to motion artifacts. Nonetheless, the technique presents an exciting opportunity in pediatric imaging research to study rapid maturational changes of neurotransmitter systems and other metabolic systems in early postnatal life. Studying these metabolic processes is vital to understanding the widespread and rapid structural and functional changes that occur in the first years of life. The overarching goal of this review is to provide an introduction to edited MRS for neonates, including the current state-of-the-art in editing methods and editable metabolites, as well as to review the current literature applying edited MRS to the neonatal brain. Existing challenges and future opportunities, including the lack of age-specific reference data, are also discussed.