Open AccessAbsence of neurotoxicity and lack of neurobehavioral consequences due to exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) exposure in humans, animals and zebrafish
Author(s) -
Sam Kacew,
A. Wallace Hayes
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
archives of toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.264
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1432-0738
pISSN - 0340-5761
DOI - 10.1007/s00204-019-02627-y
Subject(s) - tetrabromobisphenol a , neurotoxicity , toxicokinetics , zebrafish , brominated flame retardant , toxicity , chemistry , in vivo , central nervous system , animal studies , pharmacology , physiology , toxicology , biology , fire retardant , endocrinology , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , organic chemistry , gene
Tetrabromobisphenol A (2,2',6,6'-tetrabromo-4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol, CAS no. 79-94-7) (TBBPA) is an effective brominated flame retardant present in many consumer products whose effectiveness is attributable to its ability to retard flames and consequently save human lives. Toxicokinetic studies revealed that TBBPA when absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract is rapidly metabolized to glucuronide or sulfate metabolites which are rapidly eliminated by the kidney. TBBPA does not accumulate in the body and there is no evidence that the parent compound is present in the brain. Although this brominated flame retardant was detected in human breast milk and serum, there was no evidence that TBBPA reached the brain in in vivo animal studies as reflected by the absence of neuropathological, neurotoxic, or behavioral alterations indicating that the central nervous system is not a target tissue. These animal investigations were further supported by use of the larval/embryo observations that TBBPA did not produce behavioral changes in a larval/embryo zebrafish a model of chemical-induced neurotoxicity. Although some protein expressions were increased, deceased or not affected in the blood-brain barrier indicating no evidence that TBBPA entered the brain, the changes were contradictory, or gender related, and behavior was not affected supporting that this compound was not neurotoxic. Taken together, TBBPA does not appear to target the brain and is not considered as a neurotoxicant.