Open AccessG-protein βγ subunits as multi-functional scaffolds and transducers in G-protein-coupled receptor signaling
Author(s) -
Alan V. Smrcka,
Isaac J. Fisher
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
cellular and molecular life sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.928
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1420-9071
pISSN - 1420-682X
DOI - 10.1007/s00018-019-03275-2
Subject(s) - microbiology and biotechnology , endosome , g protein coupled receptor , cytosol , golgi apparatus , integral membrane protein , signal transduction , g protein , chemistry , transport protein , intracellular , membrane protein , biology , biochemistry , membrane , endoplasmic reticulum , enzyme
G-protein βγ subunits are key participants in G-protein signaling. These subunits facilitate interactions between receptors and G proteins that are critical for the G protein activation cycle at the plasma membrane. In addition, they play roles in directly transducing signals to an ever expanding range of downstream targets, including integral membrane and cytosolic proteins. Emerging data indicate that Gβγ may play additional roles at intracellular compartments including endosomes, the Golgi apparatus, and the nucleus. Here, we discuss the molecular and structural basis for their ability to coordinate this wide range of cellular activities.