Open AccessViral journeys on the intracellular highways
Author(s) -
Makeda Robinson,
Stanford Schor,
Rina Barouch-Bentov,
Shirit Einav
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
cellular and molecular life sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.928
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1420-9071
pISSN - 1420-682X
DOI - 10.1007/s00018-018-2882-0
Subject(s) - endosome , endocytic cycle , biology , intracellular , microbiology and biotechnology , escrt , obligate , intracellular parasite , retromer , autophagy , viral replication , identification (biology) , viral life cycle , host factors , computational biology , virus , endocytosis , cell , virology , genetics , ecology , apoptosis , botany
Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that are dependent on cellular machineries for their replication. Recent technological breakthroughs have facilitated reliable identification of host factors required for viral infections and better characterization of the virus-host interplay. While these studies have revealed cellular machineries that are uniquely required by individual viruses, accumulating data also indicate the presence of broadly required mechanisms. Among these overlapping cellular functions are components of intracellular membrane trafficking pathways. Here, we review recent discoveries focused on how viruses exploit intracellular membrane trafficking pathways to promote various stages of their life cycle, with an emphasis on cellular factors that are usurped by a broad range of viruses. We describe broadly required components of the endocytic and secretory pathways, the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport pathway, and the autophagy pathway. Identification of such overlapping host functions offers new opportunities to develop broad-spectrum host-targeted antiviral strategies.