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Molecular weight distribution of nonionic surfactants. III. Foam, wetting, detergency, emulsification and solubility properties of normal distribution and homogeneous p,t‐octylphenoxyethoxyethanols
Author(s) -
Crook E. H.,
Fordyce D. B.,
Trebbi G. F.
Publication year - 1964
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf03024657
Subject(s) - wetting , homogeneous , solubility , surface tension , distribution (mathematics) , materials science , chemistry , ethylene oxide , surface (topology) , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemical engineering , thermodynamics , chromatography , composite material , organic chemistry , physics , geometry , mathematics , polymer , mathematical analysis , copolymer , engineering
The effect of mol wt distribution on the foaming, wetting, detergency, emulsification and solubility properties of p,t‐octylphenoxyethoxy‐ethanols (OPE's) has been studied by comparing normal distribution and homogeneous compounds: Ross‐Miles foam studies indicate that, although homogeneous OPE 7‐10 are higher in initial foam height than normal distribution OPE 7‐10 , their foam stability is poorer. Hard surface and textile wetting were studied by contact angle determinations and the Draves' skein test, respectively. An exact correlation exists between hard surface wetting by solutions of OPE's of a Teflon surface and surface tension lowering. Normal distribution OPE's are, in general, better hard surface wetting agents than the corresponding homogeneous compounds. In textile wetting, normal distribution OPE 5‐10 are approximately equivalent in performance and by implication are probably equivalent in wetting performance to the corresponding homogeneous compounds. Hard surface detergency studies show that normal distribution OPE's are generally slightly superior in detersive power to homogeneous OPE's at corresponding ethylene oxide chain lengths. OPE 10 is the best hard surface detergent of the OPE series, there being no distinguishable difference in performance between homogeneous and normal distribution OPE 10 . Emulsification studies on the system, water‐isooctane, show that only normal distribution OPE 5 is capable of forming stable o/w emulsions. Both homogeneous and normal distribution OPE 3 and OPE 4 form stable w/o (invert) emulsions. Solubility studies in isooctane and Ultrasene show that homogeneous OPE 4 is soluble at lower temp than the corresponding normal distribution compound. Studies of aqueous OPE solutions at temp above their cloud points show that solubility of both homogeneous and normal distribution materials is of the same order of magnitude as their critical micelle concn and that homogeneous OPE 4 is more soluble than normal distribution OPE 4 .