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Soap‐based detergent formulations: XIX. Amphoteric alkylsuccinamide derivatives as lime soap dispersants
Author(s) -
Micich T. J.,
Linfield W. M.,
Weil J. K.
Publication year - 1977
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02894381
Subject(s) - dispersant , lime , solubility , hard water , alkyl , chemistry , nuclear chemistry , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , materials science , dispersion (optics) , metallurgy , physics , optics , engineering
and Summary A series of amphoteric surfactants was synthesized by reaction of 1,3‐propanesultone with N‐alkyl‐N′‐(ω,ω‐dimethylaminoalkyl)succinamides. The intermediate succinamides were prepared by reacting methyl N‐alkylsuccinamates, obtained from alkylamines containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms, with N,N‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propylenediamine or N,N‐dimethylethylenediamine neat. The amphoterics were isolated as hygroscopic crystalline solids having superior lime soap dispersing ability, water solubility, and calcium ion stability. Detergency studies at 0.2% concentration (300 ppm water hardness) indicated good washing ability when used alone and excellent performance in combination with soap or in soap‐silicate formulations.