Radiotracers in fabric‐washing studies

This report is directed toward the application of radiotracers to larger‐scale, practical launder‐ing experiments with the use of washing machines and Tergotometers with fully built detergents. Such applications have not been widely reported because of the difficulty in setting up the experi‐ments, in handling the large numbers of samples which are generated, and performing the many computations. A brief description of the useful properties of beta ‐emitting radioisotopes is presented, followed by a discussion of the effect of these properties on two methods of detection; geiger and liquid scintillation counting. The advantages and limita‐tions of each are described, which lead to the con‐clusion that, for fabric analysis, liquid scintilla‐tion counting is preferred. The combination of the modern liquid scintillation counter with a computer provides a highly efficient analytical scheme for the analysis of fabrics containing labeled species. The severe problem of radiochemical purity, which has long hampered radiotracer experiments, is next discussed together with some recommenda‐tions for overcoming the problem. Finally, the applications of tagged compounds to two aspects of fabric washing are described. The first is a study of adsorptivity and rinsability of some anionic surfactants on cotton fabric after laun‐dering in an automatic washing machine. The second is some results of a continuing study of detergency by using a multicomponent, double‐labeled radioactive soil.