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New non‐ionic surfactants: Alkyl polyoxyethylene diethers of isomeric dimethylxanthines
Author(s) -
Sax Philip,
Donbrow M.
Publication year - 1978
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02665376
Subject(s) - ether , chemistry , surface tension , cloud point , alkyl , chloride , critical micelle concentration , polymer chemistry , micelle , pulmonary surfactant , organic chemistry , thermodynamics , biochemistry , physics , aqueous solution
Novel isomeric nonionic surfactants of the poly‐oxyethylene (POE) ether type possessing terminal dimethylxanthine functions related to caffeine have been prepared using a polyoxyethylene cetyl mono‐ether as the starting material. The surface tension pro‐perties indicate that, compared to the parent com‐pound and its chloride derivative, these derivatives show pronounced changes in the critical micelle con‐centration (CMC) and pre‐CMC slope but relatively minor changes in the minimum surface tension value. The findings are discussed also in terms of efficiency and effectiveness of surfactants. The evidence indi‐cates that the structure of the terminal hydrophilic portion can have a significant effect on interfacial packing. The cloud points of the chloride derivative and the xanthine derivatives were considerably lower than that of the parent ether. Cloud point curves for the ether, the chloride, and the xanthines over the dilute concentration range show similar features.