Premium
Soap‐based detergent formulations: XXVI. Hard water detergency of soap‐lime soap dispersant combinations with builders and inorganic salts
Author(s) -
Noble W. R.,
Linfield W. M.
Publication year - 1980
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02662062
Subject(s) - dispersant , dilution , chemistry , sulfate , sodium sulfate , lime , sodium , chromatography , sodium dodecyl sulfate , organic chemistry , materials science , metallurgy , dispersion (optics) , physics , optics , thermodynamics
Blends of soap and 3 lime soap dispersants—the sulfated tallow alkanolamide (TAM), the coconut‐oil‐derived amido sulfobetaine (CAHSB) and the cocoamido betaine (CAB)—were formulated with 3 builders—sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), trisodium nitrilotriacetate (NTA) and trisodium 2‐oxa‐1,1,3‐propane tricarboxylate (OPT). Varying amounts of sodium sulfate were added to these formulations, and the effects of builders and sodium sulfate on detergency at 300 ppm water hardness were studied. At levels below 60%, STPP was not an effective builder for TAM formulations. Dilution of STPP‐built TAM formulations with sodium sulfate substantially decreased detergency. Detergency of TAM formulations was improved by incorporation of NTA or OPT and such formulations could tolerate dilution with sodium sulfate without serious loss in detergency. NTA or STPP improved the detergency of CAB formulations but OPT did not. Addition of sodium sulfate caused some loss in detergency in all CAB formulations. Addition of STPP to CAHSB formulations caused a slight loss in detergency, but addition of NTA or OPT had no appreciable effect. Dilution of STPP‐built CAHSB formulations with sodium sulfate affected detergency adversely, although not as severely as in STPP‐built TAM formulations. Dilution of NTA‐or OPT‐built CAHSB formulations with sodium sulfate had little effect on detergency. CAB and particularly CAHSB are superior to TAM in dispersing lime soap curd. Therefore, addition of NTA, STPP, or OPT to the amphoteric formulations did not affect detergency to the same extent as in TAM formulations. Further evidence of the superiority of amphoteric lime soap dispersing agents (lsda) in dispersing lime soap curd was provided by the effectiveness of soap, CAHSB, silicate formulations in detergency studies at 1,000 ppm water hardness.