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Further studies of detergency correlation
Author(s) -
Mankowich A. M.
Publication year - 1963
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02640698
Subject(s) - pulmonary surfactant , chemistry , soil water , fatty acid , viscosity , ethylene oxide , organic chemistry , chromatography , thermodynamics , polymer , copolymer , biochemistry , physics , environmental science , soil science
Abstract The significance of the relationships of the linearity constants of a previously reported detergency‐micellar solubilization function (1) to surfactant HLB (hydrophile‐lipophile balance), boundary tensions, and soil dipole moment was extended, first, by demonstrating their existence in systems of four homologous surfactants with one soil or four classes of soil with one surfactant, and second, by showing in every case that they are probably physical rather than random because they contain fewer constants than the number of points (four) used in their derivation. A study of a series of surfactant‐soil systems consisting of a family of polyoxyethylated nonyl phenols and a family of saturated fatty acid soils (12舑18 carbon) revealed linearity of the R‐log (M/CMC) and surfactant HLB‐log (M/CMC) functions for values of R (ethylene oxide mole ratio) between 15舑50 and 10舑100, respectively (M=surfactant concentration giving ca 100% removal of 16 and 18 carbon fatty acids, and CMC=critical micelle concentration). The validity of the semi‐logarithmic functions was confirmed by the fact that they indicated linearity between R and surfactant HLB as previously reported (2). Abnormally high nonyl phenol adduct concentrations (2.7舑3.8%) were required to give good fatty acid removal. It was suggested that the initial decrease in detergency with increase of fatty acid soil HLB from 6.5舑9.8, followed by increasing detergency as the soil HLB continued to increase to 11.25, was due to differences in the relative magnitudes of the soilsubstrate adhesive forces and micellar solubilization existing in the soil HLB range. Sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate was a good detergent of the saturated fatty acids, soil removal being independent of soil HLB for the 12舑18 carbon acids. The fatty acid soaps were poor detergents of these soils. A 舠net ethylene oxide solubilizing power舡 method of computing HLB was proposed, based on known polar group hydrophobe‐solubilizing values.