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Fat emulsions. Effect of polyoxyethylene and alkyl content of emulsifiers on stability to sterilization
Author(s) -
Singleton W. S.,
White J. L.,
Benerito Ruth R.,
Talluto Katherine F.
Publication year - 1958
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02640108
Subject(s) - chemistry , emulsion , sterilization (economics) , alkyl , heat stability , chromatography , organic chemistry , food science , materials science , composite material , monetary economics , economics , foreign exchange market , foreign exchange
Summary When a given system of emulsifiers of known compositions and molecular weights was employed, it was found that in order for fat emulsions of 15% oil content to be stable to the heat required for sterilization, the emulsifiers must meet definite requirements. Minimum weight percentage of total lipophilic groups should be 0.29%; minimum weight percentage of total hydrophilic groups should be 0.57%; the polyoxyethylene groups of emulsifiers containing such groups should account for at least 70% of the mole weight of these emulsifiers; the lipophilic/hydrophilic ratio should be about 0.5. The minimum content of lipophilic and hydrophilic groups was found to be an additive total of these groups as provided by the complete emulsifying system whether composed of individual or multiple emulsifying agents and whether of similar or dissimilar functional groups. With the emulsifiers used, an acyl group greater in length than 12 carbon atoms was found to be necessary to prepare cottonseed oil emulsions which were stable to heat. Resistance of emulsions to breakage by mechanical shock was imparted by a rather large amount of lipophilic groups, so that the lipophilic/hydrophilic ratio was 1 or over.