Premium
Jojoba oil wax esters and derived fatty acids and alcohols: Gas chromatographic analyses
Author(s) -
Miwa Thomas K.
Publication year - 1971
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02638458
Subject(s) - wax , saponification , chemistry , wax ester , hydrolysis , fatty alcohol , organic chemistry , alcohol , chromatography , fatty acid
HCl‐catalyzed ethanolysis followed by saponification readily surmounts the resistance of long chain wax esters to direct hydrolysis by alkali. Additionally, choosing ethyl instead of methyl esters allows baseline separations between long‐chain alcohols and corresponding esters in gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) analysis of total alcohol and acid components before saponification. Liquid wax esters were analyzed on a temperature‐programmed 3% OV‐1 silicone column. Geographical and genetic effects on the variability of jojoba oil composition were investigated with five different seed samples. Major constituents in jojoba seed oil from shrubs in the Arizona deserts, as indicated by GLC analyses of oil, ethanolysis product, isolated fatty alcohols and methyl esters of isolated fatty acids, were C 40 wax ester 30%, C 42 wax ester 50% and C 44 wax ester 10%; octadecenoic acid 6%; eicosenoic acid 35%, docosenoic acid 7%, eicosenol 22%, docosenol 21% and tetracosenol 4%. Oil from smaller leaved prostrate plants growing along California’s oceanside showed a slight tendency toward higher molecular size than oils from the California desert and Arizona specimens. The wax esters are made up of a dispro‐portionately large amount of docosenyl eicosenoate and are not a random combination of constituent acids and alcohols. Lunaria annua synthetic wax ester oil was used as a model for evaluating the analytical procedures.