Premium
Soap‐based detergent formulations: XV. Amino esters of α‐sulfo fatty acids
Author(s) -
Smith F. D.,
Sucharski M. K.,
Linfield W. M.
Publication year - 1976
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02637395
Subject(s) - chemistry , hydrolysis , organic chemistry , diethanolamine , dispersant , aqueous solution , amino esters , amide , amino acid , solubility , cationic polymerization , alkali metal , micelle , catalysis , biochemistry , physics , optics , dispersion (optics)
Amphoteric surfactants were prepared either by direct esterification of α‐sulfo fatty acids with various alkanolamines or by rearrangement of the corresponding alkanolamides of the α‐sulfo fatty acids to the amino esters with the aid of aqueous hydrochloric acid. The α‐sulfo fatty acid monoesters of diethanolamine could be prepared only via the rearrangement method. The amino esters in the C 16 −C 18 range possessed limited water solubility whereas α‐sulfolaurate esters were soluble at room temperature. The amino esters were found to be stable to acid hydrolysis; however, they were generally not stable to alkali, by which they were either hydrolyzed or rearranged to the corresponding amide. Only the esters of isopropanolamine and diglycolamine were stable to alkali. Surface active properties of the esters were determined. The lime soap dispersant requirements of the compounds were slightly poorer than those of the corresponding amides. The compounds were good cotton detergents by themselves as well as in combination with soap and a silicate builder. The overall surface active properties of the amino esters were greatly inferior to those of the sulfobetaines previously reported. This indicates that an effective amphoteric lime soap dispersant should have its anionic group located at the very end of the molecule and the cationic group somewhat farther away, instead of the reverse.