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Soap‐based detergent formulations: XII. Alternate syntheses of surface active sulfobetaines
Author(s) -
Parris N.,
Well J. K.,
Linfield W. M.
Publication year - 1976
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02637393
Subject(s) - krafft temperature , sodium bisulfite , chemistry , solubility , ammonium , organic chemistry , sodium , bisulfite , lime , salt (chemistry) , nuclear chemistry , critical micelle concentration , aqueous solution , micelle , materials science , biochemistry , gene expression , dna methylation , metallurgy , gene
Sulfopropylated amphoteric surfactants, previously reported in this journal, displayed excellent surface active properties and were good detergents in combination with soap. New synthetic routes were investigated for the preparation of such types of compounds to provide a more economical process and eliminate the hazards due to propanesultone, which was used in the previously reported synthetic procedure. A series of 2‐hydroxy‐3‐sulfopropyl amphoteric surfactants was prepared by reacting sodium 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐propanesulfonate (the addition product of sodium bisulfite to epichlorophydrin) with various primary fatty amines as well as with fat derived N,N‐dimethylalkylamines. Quaternary sulfobetaines not possessing a hydroxyl group were obtained from tertiary amines by reaction with allyl chloride followed by bisulfite addition. The solubility behavior (Krafft points) of these compounds indicated that they were not identical with the sulfobetaines prepared with the aid of propanesultone. The secondary and quaternary ammonium compounds exhibited limited water solubility but were good lime soap dispersing agents. They displayed good detergency in combination with soap. The quaternary ammonium derivatives were particularly effective on cottonpolyester blend fabrics.