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Relationship of structure to properties of surfactants. 16. Linear decyldiphenylether sulfonates
Author(s) -
Rosen Milton J.,
Zhu Zhen Huo,
Hua Xi Yuan
Publication year - 1992
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02635872
Subject(s) - surface tension , critical micelle concentration , wetting , aqueous solution , pulmonary surfactant , alkyl , moiety , gibbs isotherm , chemistry , ether , molecule , carbon chain , micelle , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , thermodynamics , biochemistry , physics , engineering
The properties of some well‐characterized sodium linear decyldiphenylether (C 10 DPE)sulfonates have been studied. Among the properties investigated are dynamic and equilibrium surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), area per molecule at the aqueous solution/air interface, wetting time by the Draves technique, foaming by the Ross‐Miles method, solubilization, and hydrotropy. The decyldiphenylether moiety appears to be equivalent to a terminally substituted straight alkyl chain of 16 carbon atoms. The trialkyl‐ and dialkyl‐mono‐sulfonates have solubilities of < 0.01 g/dm 3 in water, but are readily soluble in hexane. The didecyldiphenyl ether disulfonate (DADS) has a very low CMC value (1.0 × 10 −5 mol dm −3 ) in aqueous 0.1 N Na + solution (NaCl), characteristic of surfactants with two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic groups. It also has a much larger area per molecule at the aqueous solution/air interface than the monodecyldiphenyl‐ether monosulfonate (MAMS) and a much higher surface tension at the CMC. MAMS has a much lower surface tension at a surface age of 1 second (γ 1s ) than either DADS or the monodecyldiphenylether disulfonate (MADS). In agreement with γ 1s and γ eq values, wetting times increase in the order: MAMS < DADS < MADS and initial foam heights decrease in the order: MAMS > DADS > MADS. Solubilization for three water‐insoluble surfactants decreases in the order: DADS > MAMS > MADS, while hydrotropy is most pronounced with the disulfonates.