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Nonionic surfactant polarity index determination by inverse gas chromatography
Author(s) -
Nace V. M.,
Knoell James C.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02635784
Subject(s) - hydrophobe , ethylene oxide , chemistry , pulmonary surfactant , chromatography , ethylene glycol , polyethylene glycol , nonionic surfactant , polypropylene glycol , gas chromatography , polarity (international relations) , organic chemistry , copolymer , polymer , biochemistry , cell
Polyglycol nonionic surfactants are widely used in industrial and consumer products. Two classes of these surfactants, made from selected combinations of 1,2‐butylene oxide, propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, were compared to alcohol ethoxylate (AE) and nonyl phenol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants in this study. Polyglycol copolymers consisted of either a polypropylene glycol (PPG) or polybutylene glycol (PBG) central hydrophobe. Ethoxylation of the hydrophobes produced polyethylene glycol hydrophilic blocks. Differences in hydrophobe polarity were determined by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). IGC is a useful analytical method by which the physical and chemical characteristics of a material are studied. The stationary surfactant material under study was coated onto an inert support and used as the packing for the column. A probe mixture, containing simple organic molecules of varying polarity, was injected, and the retention characteristics were measured. The retention characteristics of the standard probe mixture were used to reveal relative polarity information about the stationary surfactant coatings. Polarities of the four hydrophobes were (in decreasing order): PPG, PBG, nonyl phenyl and fatty alkyl. Comparisons were then made between the calculated hydrophile‐lipophile balance values and polarity indices of the hydrophobes and their ethoxylates. The effects of hydroxyl groups on polarity were also studied and quantified.