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Soap‐based detergent formulations: IX. α‐sulfo fatty alkanolamides as lime soap dispersing agents
Author(s) -
Smith F. D.,
Weil J. K.,
Linfield W. M.
Publication year - 1974
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02635148
Subject(s) - diethanolamine , chemistry , tallow , lime , dispersant , ethanolamine , organic chemistry , krafft temperature , nuclear chemistry , materials science , critical micelle concentration , optics , metallurgy , dispersion (optics) , micelle , physics , aqueous solution
α‐Sulfo fatty alkanolamides were prepared by sodium methylate catalyzed reactions of methyl α‐sulfo fatty esters with alkanolamines, such as ethanolamine, N‐methyl‐2‐hydroxyethylamine, diethanolamine, 3‐hydroxypropylamine, 2‐hydroxypropylamine, and diglycolamine. Pure compounds, such as α‐sulfo palmitamides and stearamides, as well as the α‐sulfo tallow amides, were prepared and evaluated as surface‐active agents. The α‐sulfo fatty alkanolamides were found to have excellent stability to alkali. Their stability to acid ranged from excellent in the case of α‐sulfo diglycolamides to poor in the case of α‐sulfo diethanolamides. Poor stability to acid was related to ease of conversion to ester‐amines. Washing tests on standard soil cloths showed that the compounds were good detergents by themselves and were also effective in combination with soap and silicates. Their lime soap dispersant requirements ranged from 7–10.