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Sodium salts of alkyl esters of a ‐sulfo fatty acids. Wetting, lime soap dispersion, and related properties
Author(s) -
Stirton A. J.,
Bistline R. G.,
Weil J. K.,
Ault Waldo C.,
Maurer E. W.
Publication year - 1962
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02631689
Subject(s) - wetting , lauric acid , stearic acid , critical micelle concentration , surface tension , chemistry , alkyl , myristic acid , dispersion (optics) , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , grease , lime , materials science , micelle , fatty acid , palmitic acid , thermodynamics , physics , optics , aqueous solution , metallurgy , engineering
A series of esters of the general formula RCH(SO 3 Na)‐CO 2 R′ of 14–19 carbon atoms prepared by the α‐sulfonation of propionic, butyric, pelargonic, lauric, myristic, palmitie, and stearic acids and esterification with normal primary alcohols were compared for critical micelle concentration, surface and interfacial tension, Ca ++ stability, wetting properties, foam height, detergency, and lime soap dispersing properties. Comparison of position isomers showed that as the hydrophilic portion moved from the center toward either end, cmc and wetting efficiency decreased, surface and interfacial tension increased, and Ca ++ stability and lime soap dispersing properties improved. A coconut oil fatty acid forerun sulfonated with SO 3 vapor and esterified with 2‐ethylhexanol gave a product with useful wetting properties in soft and hard water.