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The oxyethylation of 9, 10‐octadecanediols and 9, 10‐dihydroxystearonitrile. Nonionic soaps
Author(s) -
Wrigley A. N.,
Smith F. D.,
Stirton A. J.
Publication year - 1962
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02631675
Subject(s) - ethylene oxide , chemistry , hydrolysis , wetting , propylene oxide , alkali metal , hydrogen bond , oxide , polymer chemistry , organic chemistry , chemical engineering , molecule , copolymer , polymer , engineering
The alkali‐catalyzed reaction of ethylene oxide with the meso ‐ and dl ‐forms of 9,10‐octadecanediol and with threo ‐9,10‐dihydroxystearonitrile was carried out in an apparatus that was equipped with automatic controls for temperature and pressure. The earlier consumption found for the dl ‐form compared to the meso is attributed to intramolecular hydrogen bonding. A characteristic constant for the distribution of products is calculated. The products formed are nonionic surface‐active agents with the hydrophilic portion at the middle rather than at the end of the hydrophobic chain. Properties were primarily determined by the value of n, the average number of oxyethyl groups. Optimum emulsifying properties were found at n=4; optimum wetting at n=12. The oxyethylated nitriles were hydrolyzed to the corresponding “nonionic soaps”, which have typical nonionic characteristics; unlike soap they are not easily precipitated by hard water or various metal ions.