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Effects of adsorption on detergency phenomena: I
Author(s) -
Schwuger M. J.
Publication year - 1982
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02546350
Subject(s) - adsorption , wetting , chemistry , kinetics , diffusion , alkyl , branching (polymer chemistry) , thermodynamics , cloud point , chemical engineering , chromatography , organic chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering , extraction (chemistry)
Knowledge of the adsorption of surface‐active substances onto different interfaces is of basic importance for its technical application in washing and cleaning processes. Important parameters are adsorption kinetics and adsorption equilibria. The criteria of adsorption kinetics and adsorption equilibrium change in opposite directions with increasing length of the hydrophobic group. Equilibrium adsorption increases exponentially, whereas the diffusion coefficient decreases linearly with increasing number of CH 2 groups in the n ‐alkyl part of nonbranched surfactants. Branching of the hydrophobic group has the same effect as shortening the chain length. The wetting effect changes in the same direction as the diffusion coefficient, whereas the washing effect changes similarly to equilibrium adsorption. The generally positive temperature effect on soil removal may be reversed in the opposite direction for nonionic surfactants at temperatures above the cloud point. Separation of phases brings about a decrease of adsorption and washing performance.