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Degumming and bleaching of Lesquerella fendleri seed oil
Author(s) -
Carlson Kenneth D.,
Kleiman Robert
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02545323
Subject(s) - chemistry , peroxide value , iodine value , extraction (chemistry) , solvent , botany , fatty acid , bleach , food science , pulp and paper industry , chromatography , organic chemistry , biology , engineering
A lesquerella species ( Lesquerella fendleri ) being investigated as a domestic source of seed oil containing hydroxy fatty acids shows good agronomic properties and is being tested in semi‐commercial production. Lesquerella fendleri seeds contain 25% oil, of which 55% is lesquerolic acid (14‐hydroxy‐ cis ‐11‐eicosenoic). Oils produced in pilot‐plant quantities by screw press, prepress‐solvent extraction and extrusion‐solvent extraction processes have been refined in the laboratory by filtering, degumming and bleaching. Two American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) standard bleaching earths and two commercial earths were compared for effectiveness in bleaching these dark, yellow‐red, crude lesquerella oils. Free fatty acids (1.3%), iodine value (111), peroxide value (<4 meq/kg), unsaponifiables (1.7%) and hydroxyl value (100) were not significantly affected by degumming and bleaching, but phosphorus levels of 8–85 ppm in the crude oils were reduced to 0.5–1.1 ppm in the degummed and bleached oils. Crude oils had Gardner colors of 14, which were reduced to Gardner 9–11 in the degummed and bleached oil, depending on bleach type and quantity used. AOCS colors in the range of 21–25R 68–71Y were obtained. By including charcoal in the bleaching step, a considerably lighter oil could be obtained (Gardner 7).