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Enzymatic synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of 1,3‐divernoloyl glycerol from Vernonia galamensis seed oil
Author(s) -
Ayorinde Folahan O.,
Nwaonicha Chukwuma P.,
Parchment Voneil N.,
Bryant Kent A.,
Hassan Mahmoud,
Clayton Marcella T.
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02542614
Subject(s) - glycerol , glyceride , saponification , lipase , chemistry , yield (engineering) , carbon 13 nmr , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , carbon fibers , organic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , chromatography , fatty acid , enzyme , materials science , composite number , composite material , metallurgy
cis ‐12,13‐Epoxy‐ cis ‐octadecenoic (vernolic) acid occurs in triglycerides of the seed oil of Vernonia galamensis . The seeds also contain a lipase capable of hydrolyzing the triglycerides. Previous investigators incubated the seed of Vernonia anthelmintica and isolated 5.6% yield of 1,3‐divernoloyl glycerol. We used crude lipase extract from V. galamensis seed to synthesize 1,3‐divernoloyl glycerol from vernonia oil in pentane at 40% yield. A 94% conversion of the 1,3‐divernoloyl glycerol to pure vernolic acid (5.34% oxirane = 98.9% purity) was achieved by a low‐energy saponification process. The carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of the 1,3‐divernoloyl glyceride indicates a potential for using carbon‐13 NMR spectroscopy in the identification of isomeric diglycerides. Thus the paper describes the synthesis, spectroscopic and chemical characterization of 1,3‐divernoloyl glycerol, in addition to providing quantitative carbon‐13 NMR studies of V. galamensis oil.