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Mutagenic potential of ammonia‐related aflatoxin reaction products in cottonseed meal
Author(s) -
Lawlor Timothy E.,
Haworth Steve R.,
Zeiger Errol,
Park Douglas L.,
Lee Louise S.
Publication year - 1985
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02542309
Subject(s) - aflatoxin , cottonseed meal , chemistry , cottonseed , food science , salmonella , ammonia , ames test , meal , chromatography , soybean meal , biochemistry , biology , organic chemistry , bacteria , raw material , genetics
In a joint research effort, the Food and Drug Administration, the National Toxicology Program and the US Department of Agriculture studied the mutagenic potential of aflatoxin reaction products following ammoniation of contaminated cottonseed meal under conditions approximating those approved for commercial ammoniation of nonaflatoxin‐contaminated meal. Uniformly ring‐labeled 14 C‐aflatoxin B 1 was added to cottonseed meal that contained ca. 4000 µg naturally incurred aflatoxin B 1 /kg. Distribution of the radiolabeled compound was used to trace the modification of aflatoxin B 1 after treatment with ammonia. The radioactivity‐to‐weight ratio of the fractions isolated by solvent extractions and chemical and enzymic treatments was used to measure the relative concentration of an aflatoxin decontamination product. All extract fractions having a radioactivity‐to‐weight ratio ≥1 were tested for mutagenic activity using the Salmonella /microsome mutagenicity test (Ames test). Purified aflatoxin B 1 was mutagenic at a concentration of ca. 0.005 µg/plate. The methylene chloride extract of the ammoniated meal after Pronase digestion exhibited a similar response when 180 µg of this fraction was applied to each plate. This fraction represented 0.16% of the original added radioactivity. The other fractions produced no detectable mutagenic response at the concentrations tested (10–1000 µg/plate) on Salmonella tester strain TA100. Ammonia treatment of aflatoxin‐contaminated cottonseed meal significantly decreased aflatoxin levels, and the aflatoxin decontamination products formed by the treatment had little or no mutagenic potential.