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Chemical evaluation of defatted vernonia galamensis meal
Author(s) -
Ologunde M. O.,
Ayorinde F. O.,
Shepard R. L.
Publication year - 1990
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/bf02540633
Subject(s) - meal , chemistry , food science , potassium , methionine , fructose , bran , chromatography , biochemistry , amino acid , organic chemistry , raw material
Abstract The defatted meal of Vernonia galamensis is rich in crude protein (43.76±0.17%) with methionine as the first limiting amino acid and lysine the second when calculated based on the FAO Provisional Scoring Pattern. The carbohydrate fraction (6.575) is rich in sucrose (2.36%), fructose (1.90%) and glucose (0.77%). Levels of the macrominerals, calcium (11.08 mg/g), potassium (14.18 mg/g) and magnesium (6.90 mg/g) not only meet nutritional requirements but are also higher than in contemporary oilseeds. The level of phosphorus is high (644 mg/g), perhaps accounting for the fairly high phytate (25.42±0.06 mg/g) content, although this value is slightly less than for American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) standard wheat bran (31.42±0.03 mg/g). Residual oil content of defatted meal was found to be approximately 0.5%, but could be higher depending on the method of extraction. Lipid analysis of the residual oils shows vernolic acid (76.06±1.80%) as the major component of the saponifiables (97.74±0.20%). C18∶2 (11.64±0.69%), C16∶0 (2.22±0.12%), C18∶0 (2.63±0.11%), C18∶1 (6.58±0.19%), and C20∶0 (trace) were all identified. Sterols constitute the major (94.65±0.08%) component of the unsaponifiables (2.06±0.16%) with β‐sitosterol (32%) and Δ 5 ‐avenasterol (30%) being the major constituents. Cholesterol was fairly low (4.6%). Phytochemical screening for other possible toxicants did not reveal significant levels of antinutritional components.