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Inhibition of human neutrophil leukotriene B 4 synthesis in essential fatty acid deficiency: Role of leukotriene a hydrolase
Author(s) -
Cleland Leslie G.,
James Michael J.,
Proudman Susanna M.,
Neumann Mark A.,
Gibson Robert A.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
lipids
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.601
H-Index - 120
eISSN - 1558-9307
pISSN - 0024-4201
DOI - 10.1007/bf02536722
Subject(s) - leukotriene , leukotriene b4 , arachidonic acid , linoleic acid , essential fatty acid , chemistry , phospholipid , eicosanoid , fatty acid , lipoxygenase , endocrinology , biochemistry , leukotriene c4 , medicine , inflammation , biology , enzyme , membrane , asthma
A female subject dependent on long‐term total parenteral nutrition developed an aversion and noncompliance to a prescribed weekly lipid infusion designed to meet essential fatty acid (EFA) requirements. Fatty acids (FA) in the subject's plasma and isolated peripheral blood neurophils were analyzed in search of biochemical evidence of EFA deficiency. Neutrophil 5‐lipoxygenase metabolism was examined to assess the possible effects of EFA deficiency on neutrophil eicosanoid metabolism. EFA deficiency was confirmed by marked depletion of linoleic acid (18∶2n−6) and accumulation of eicosatrienoic acid (ETrA; 20∶3n−9) in plasma and neutrophil phospholipids. In the neutrophils, ETrA comprised 5.2% of phospholipid FA (normal reference values <0.1%), and arachidonic acid (AA; 20∶4n−6) comprised 8.6% of phospholipid FA (normal reference range 10–16%). When stimulated by A23187 in vitro on three separate occasions, the subject's neutrophils displayed impaired synthesis of leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ), but produced normal amounts of 5‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and all‐trans isomers of LTB 4 formed nonenzymatically from leukotriene A 4 (LTA 4 ). This pattern of synthesis suggested inhibition of LTA hydrolase and was also seen in neutrophils from healthy subjects by addition of exogenous ETrA in vitro . Comparative studies of the effects of ETrA and eico‐sapentaenoic acid (20∶5n−3) on neutrophils in vitro suggested that ETrA is the more potent inhibitor. Accumulation of ETrA, rather than depletion of AA, appears principally responsible for the observed impairment of neutrophil LTB 4 synthesis seen in this EFA‐deficient subject.