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Analyses of African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) diet with various browse and pellet inclusion levels
Author(s) -
Wood Jordan,
Koutsos Elizabeth,
Kendall Corinne J.,
Minter Larry J.,
Tollefson Troy N.,
Heugten Kimberly Angevan
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
zoo biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.5
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1098-2361
pISSN - 0733-3188
DOI - 10.1002/zoo.21522
Subject(s) - biology , nutrient , hay , pellets , zoology , dry matter , african elephant , pellet , agronomy , ecology , paleontology
To more closely simulate the diet of free‐ranging elephants, the diet of six (2.4) African elephants ( Loxodonta africana ) was altered to include more browse and less pelleted complete feed (5% total diet). Dietary proximate compounds, minerals, vitamins A (and carotenoids), D and E, and fatty acids were analyzed on pelleted diet items and forages including hay, grass, and browse. A total of 42 browse species were offered over 1 year with an average total diet inclusion of 5.2% (dry matter basis) per day. Dietary Na and Se were low while Fe and Mn were high compared to published intake levels for elephants. Analyzed nutrients within browse varied widely among seasons and species. Ingredient analyses were used to create predicted elephant nutrient intake for (a) the current diet, (b) a diet excluding pellets, and (c) a diet excluding pellets and providing browse at doubled levels. Formulated diets excluding pellets had lower mineral levels than the current diet and doubled browse did not alter mineral inclusions of concern. This study provides seasonal data on the nutrient levels of Southeastern browse species important for various pachyderm and herbivorous species. Predicted nutrient intake with new diet scenarios does not support the exclusion of pellets in the diets of African elephants without greater browse quantity availability, strict diet management, or additional supplements.