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X‐ray scattering profiles of some normal and malignant human breast tissues
Author(s) -
Cunha D. M.,
Oliveira O. R.,
Pérez C. A.,
Poletti M. E.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
x‐ray spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.447
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1097-4539
pISSN - 0049-8246
DOI - 10.1002/xrs.921
Subject(s) - human breast , scattering , x ray , medicine , radiology , physics , optics , breast cancer , cancer
The angular distribution of photons scattered by breast tissue samples (20 normal and 13 malignant) was measured in the interval of momentum transfer 0.02 Å −1 ≤ x ≤ 0.62 Å −1 , using a powder diffractometer apparatus operating in reflection mode and equipped with a monochromator in the scattering beam. The x‐ray tube had a Cu anode and added Ni filtration. Experimental data was corrected for all background sources, polarization, self‐attenuation and geometric effect in order to provide the linear differential scattering coefficient µ s (scattering profile) of each sample. Discriminant analysis was applied to these profiles in order to quantify the differences existing between normal and malignant tissues. In this analysis, each momentum transfer measured was considered as an independent variable, and the scores of each sample on a discriminant function were obtained. The classification method of decision tree induction was applied to these scores, which allowed tissue characterization. The classification results were validated and compared with histological sample classifications obtained by microscopic analyses. The results have shown that discriminant analysis was able to successfully identify differences between the scattering profiles from normal and malignant tissues. Also, classification results allowed the correct identification of 97% of the analyzed samples. These results suggest that the scattering profile may be an effective marker to be used in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.