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Application of TXRF and XRPD techniques for analysis of elemental and chemical composition of human kidney stones
Author(s) -
KubalaKukuś A.,
Arabski M.,
Stabrawa I.,
Banaś D.,
Różański W.,
Lipiński M.,
Majewska U.,
WudarczykMoćko J.,
Braziewicz J.,
Pajek M.,
Góźdź S.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
x‐ray spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.447
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1097-4539
pISSN - 0049-8246
DOI - 10.1002/xrs.2778
Subject(s) - struvite , kidney stones , chemistry , chemical composition , elemental analysis , apatite , whitlockite , mineralogy , phosphate , nuclear chemistry , inorganic chemistry , biochemistry , medicine , surgery , organic chemistry
Total reflection X‐ray fluorescence analysis and X‐ray powder diffraction were used for elemental and chemical composition analysis of 83 samples of human kidney stones. Samples came from patients after surgical removal of stones. Elements such as P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Ni, Br, Sr, and Pb were determined in all samples. Other elements Mg, S, Cl, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Se, Rb, I, and Bi were found in some of the analyzed kidney stones (censoring effect). Descriptive statistics were calculated for all elements paying particular attention to the censored elements. From diffraction measurements, the following crystalline substances were determined in the stones: apatite, struvite, uric acid, weddellite, whewellite, magnesium phosphate, and calcium phosphate. Information of chemical composition was applied to classify the analyzed kidney stone into four groups. Statistical analysis of the results included multigroups comparison, testing of element concentration distribution, and elemental correlations in the dependence of kind of kidney stones. The presented studies are part of wider microbiological studies focusing on the correlation between different kinds of bacteria and fungi presented in the samples of kidney stones and their elemental as well as chemical composition. Information on stone composition can be helpful in understanding kidney stone formation and complemented by additional metabolic blood and urine tests. This, in turn, can lead to appropriate medical treatment together with the reduction of the risk as regards forming new stones.