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Total reflection X‐Ray fluorescence spectroscopy to study Pb and Zn accumulation in zebrafish embryos
Author(s) -
Bilo Fabjola,
Moscoso Sdenka,
Borgese Laura,
Delbarba Maria V.,
Zacco Annalisa,
Bosio Alberto,
Federici Stefania,
Guarienti Michela,
Presta Marco,
Bontempi Elza,
Depero Laura E.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
x‐ray spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.447
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1097-4539
pISSN - 0049-8246
DOI - 10.1002/xrs.2588
Subject(s) - spectroscopy , fluorescence spectroscopy , x ray fluorescence , embryo , reflection (computer programming) , fluorescence , chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , materials science , biology , optics , physics , microbiology and biotechnology , environmental chemistry , computer science , astronomy , programming language
Biotoxicity tests are used to evaluate potential harmful effects of chemical substances. Among them, zebrafish embryo toxicity test is a well‐established procedure to study the negative effects of heavy metals. In respect to this, the measurement of the metal content accumulated in embryos during the toxicity test may help to understand adverse effects and identify target organs. However, because of the small masses involved, an analytical technique with high sensitivity is required. In this work, elemental chemical analysis of individual embryos was performed by means of total reflection X‐ray fluorescence to study Pb and Zn bioaccumulation. A suitable protocol for sample preparation and total reflection X‐ray fluorescence analysis was developed. At the end of fish embryo toxicity tests, zebrafish embryos exposed to Pb and Zn reference solutions or to leaching solutions of toxic and inertized municipal solid waste incinerator fly ashes were analyzed. A significant trend of bioaccumulation was observed for Pb with values one order of magnitude higher than the expected. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.